With a population numbering in the tens of millions, this nomadic finch breeds across northern Eurasia in subarctic woodlands and winters farther south in the temperate zone. It reaches Alaska nearly annually in variable numbers and is a casual, erratic winter visitor elsewhere in North America, especially in the West, with records as far south as California. Illustrative of the irruptive nature of this species’ movements, Washington had eight records of Bramblings in three successive winters, 1990–1993, but has only three since then. The state’s 14 accepted records occurred from 6 November to 12 April; all but three were from the Westside, and most were from feeders. Birds typically remained for several days or even occasionally 2–4 months. The pattern of occurrence is similar in Oregon: eight records west of the Cascades and three east, date range 25 October–16 April. Idaho has three well-documented records and there are many from British Columbia.
The Brambling is a rather plump-looking, brownish finch, about the same size as a longspur. The tail is long and forked. The white rump and orange breast are key field marks. The bill is yellow outside the breeding season. The breeding-plumaged male has a black head and back, but this plumage is not normally seen in our wintering birds.
Members of this diverse group make up more than half of the bird species worldwide. Most are small. However their brains are relatively large and their learning abilities are greater than those of most other birds. Passerine birds are divided into two suborders, the suboscines and the oscines. Oscines are capable of more complex song, and are considered the true songbirds. In Washington, the tyrant flycatchers are the only suboscines; the remaining 27 families are oscines.
The finch family is made up of acrobatic seedeaters with conical bills and notched tails. Many are nomadic, wandering in winter in search of abundant seeds. Most finch species flock outside the breeding season, and many form flocks during the breeding season as well. Many finches have undulating flight patterns, and may give calls while in flight. They tend to inhabit forest patches and shrubby edges. Most finch species are sexually dimorphic and monogamous, and although the females alone generally incubate the eggs, both sexes help tend the young. Unlike many seed-eating birds that feed protein-rich insects to their young, many finches feed their young mostly seeds.
BramblingFringilla montifringilla
Gray-crowned Rosy-FinchLeucosticte tephrocotis
Pine GrosbeakPinicola enucleator
Purple FinchCarpodacus purpureus
Cassin's FinchCarpodacus cassinii
House FinchCarpodacus mexicanus
Red CrossbillLoxia curvirostra
White-winged CrossbillLoxia leucoptera
Common RedpollCarduelis flammea
Hoary RedpollCarduelis hornemanni
Pine SiskinCarduelis pinus
Lesser GoldfinchCarduelis psaltria
American GoldfinchCarduelis tristis
Evening GrosbeakCoccothraustes vespertinus